Candidiasis

Infections caused by *Candida* species ranging from mucosal disease to candidaemia and deep organ infection. *Candida albicans* remains common, but non-albicans species and azole resistance are increasingly relevant in hospitalised patients.

Key Facts

Key points

  • Oropharyngeal: fluconazole 50–100 mg OD 7–14 days**; nystatin topical alternative.
  • Vulvovaginal: fluconazole 150 mg** single oral dose; topical azoles.
  • Invasive/candidaemia: echinocandin first line (caspofungin 70 mg IV loading then 50 mg OD**).
  • Fluconazole step-down (400 mg OD) if susceptible isolate and stable.
  • Remove intravenous lines where possible; ophthalmology review for candidaemia (endophthalmitis screen).
  • Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis suggests immune deficiency — investigate.

Overview

Risk factors for invasive disease

Central lines, TPN, broad-spectrum antibiotics, ICU, immunosuppression.

Clinical Presentation

Mucosal

White plaques, sore mouth; vulval itch/discharge.

Invasive

Fever with candidaemia; hepatosplenic lesions in chronic disseminated disease.

Differential Diagnosis

ConditionNotes
HSV oral ulcersVesicular, different distribution
Bacterial sepsisPositive blood cultures

Diagnosis / Investigation

Microbiology

Blood cultures; species ID and susceptibility.

Imaging

Abdominal imaging if deep candidiasis suspected.

Management

Candidaemia

  • Anidulafungin/caspofungin/micafungin per BNF dosing.
  • Duration often ≥14 days after first negative culture and resolution of signs.

Oesophageal (HIV)

  • Fluconazole 200–400 mg OD until symptom resolution — maintain ART.

Prognosis

Mucocutaneous: excellent. Candidaemia: mortality significant; early echinocandin and line removal improve outcomes.

Other Relevant Information

C. auris

Outbreak risk in healthcare settings — infection control alert.